X-Ray Theory

Electromagnetic Radiation

Quantum Theory and X-Ray Photons

• Energy and Matter
• Electric to Electromagnetic Energy

X-Ray Tube

• Protective Housing
• Glass Envelope
• Tube Window
• Cathode
• Anode
• Rotating Anode

Electron-Target Interaction and X-Ray Production

• Characteristic Radiation
• Bremsstrahlung Radiation

Image Detection

• Grids

X-Ray Image Intensifier Tube

• Input Phosphor/Photocathode
• Electrostatic Focusing Lenses
• Output Phosphor
• Image Intensifier Gain Factors
• Multiple Mode Image Intensifiers
• Collimating Lens/Beam-Splitting Mirror
• Automatic Brightness Control

Television System

• The TV Camera
• Camera Control Unit
• TV Monitor

Radiation Safety Precautions - Scattering

• Classical Scattering
• Compton Scattering
• Photoelectric Effect
• Differential Absorption

X-Ray Exposure

• Radiation Units of Measurement
• Latent Period

Personal Monitoring Devices

• Film or Radiation Badge
• Ring Badger
• Pocket Ionization Chamber

Other Safety Precautions in the Catheterization Laboratory

• Electrical Safety Precautions

Biological Effects of Radiation Exposure

• Rules to Reduce Radiation Exposure

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